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The 2009 NCAA Division I FBS football season was the highest level of college football competition in the United States organized by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA).
The regular season began on September 3, 2009 and ended on December 12, 2009. The postseason concluded on January 7, 2010 with the BCS National Championship Game in Pasadena, California, where the Wyoming Cowboys defeated the Alabama Crimson Tide by the score of 17-7.
For the first time in the history of the Heisman Trophy, the annual award for the most outstanding player in college football, two previous Heisman winners played in the same seasonâ2008 winner Sam Bradford of Oklahoma and 2007 winner Tim Tebow of Florida.[2] For the first time since 1946, the top three vote-getters from the previous season all returned: Bradford, Colt McCoy of Texas, and Tebow, in that order.[3]
Rule changes[edit]
The NCAA football rules committee proposed several rule changes for 2009.[4] The rule changes include the following:
Conference changes[edit]
Western Kentucky joined the Sun Belt Conference after playing the 2008 as an FBS independent, completing their two-year transition from the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS). The number of full FBS members increased to 120.
New and updated stadiums[edit]
Conference standings[edit]
Conference summaries[edit]
Rankings reflect the Week 14 AP Poll before the conference championship games were played.
For the first time since 1983, every conference in Division I FBS, even those that did not contest a championship game, had an undisputed champion.
* In July 2011, the NCAA released its findings from a two-year investigation into allegations that a Georgia Tech player received $321 in clothing from a runner for an agent. While no conclusive evidence was brought against the player, actions taken by the Georgia Tech athletic department were perceived as an attempt to hinder the NCAA investigation into this offense. The NCAA determined that the player should have been declared ineligible for the final three games of the 2009 season. As punishment for an accused 'lack of cooperation' and hindering the investigation, Georgia Tech was required to vacate the ACC Championship Game win, along with other penalties. Consequently, there is currently no official 2009 ACC football champion.[7]
Bowl games[edit]
Bowl Challenge Cup standings[edit]
* Does not meet minimum game requirement of three teams needed for a conference to be eligible. (In any case, 'Independent' is not a conference, rather, it is the lack of one.)
Awards and honors[edit]Heisman Trophy voting[edit]
The Heisman Trophy is given to the year's most outstanding player
Other award winners[edit]
All-Americans[edit]Records[edit]
Coaching changes[edit]Preseason[edit]
Postseason[edit]
Note:
On December 26, Florida head coach Urban Meyer announced his resignation due to health concerns, effective after the Gators' Sugar Bowl appearance.[80] However, Meyer had a change of heart and announced the following day that he would instead take an indefinite leave of absence, and expected to be back coaching by the start of the 2010 season. Offensive coordinator Steve Addazio took over Meyer's duties in his absence.[81] Meyer returned from his self-imposed leave in time for Florida's 2010 spring practice.[82]
TV ratings[edit]Ten most watched regular season games in 2009[edit]
See also[edit]Notes and references[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2009_NCAA_Division_I_FBS_football_season&oldid=904000631'
Descendants of the Sun (Korean: íìì íì; RR: Taeyang-ui Huye) is a 2016 South Korean television series starring Song Joong-ki, Song Hye-kyo, Jin Goo, and Kim Ji-won.[3][4][5] It aired on KBS2 from February 24 to April 14, 2016 for 16 episodes.[6] KBS then aired three additional special episodes from April 20 to April 22, 2016 containing highlights and the best scenes from the series, the drama's production process, behind-the-scenes footage, commentaries from cast members and the final epilogue.[7][8]
The series was a major hit in South Korea where it drew a peak audience share of 38.8%. It received several awards, such as winning the Grand Prize in television at the 52ndBaeksang Arts Awards; and was named the Most Popular Show of the year by Korea Broadcasting Advertising Corporation.[9]
The show was broadcast across Asia where it was hugely popular.[10], and has been credited with a rise in tourism in Korea.[11] A local adaptation has aired in Vietnam,[12] and adaptations are planned in China[13] and Philippines.[14]
Synopsis[edit]
Yoo Si-jin (Song Joong-ki) is the captain of a South Korean Special Forces unit. He and his friend Master Sergeant Seo Dae-young (Jin Goo) are off-duty when they witness a young man stealing a motorcycle and apprehend him. The thief, Kim Gi-bum (Kim Min-seok), is injured during his capture and therefore sent to the hospital. Dae-young realizes his cell phone was stolen by the thief and goes to the hospital along with Si-jin to retrieve his cellphone.
In the emergency room, Si-jin meets Dr. Kang Mo-yeon (Song Hye-kyo) for the first time, and is instantly attracted to her. Mo-yeon mistakenly assumes Si-jin is part of the thief's criminal gang, due to his nickname 'Big Boss', which is actually his call sign. He proves his identity with the help of army surgeon Yoon Myung-ju (Kim Ji-won).
Si-jin and Mo-yeon begin to date, but due to Si-jin being called in for duty, their dates are interrupted halfway. Si-jin receives his orders to be deployed on a peacekeeping mission in the country of Uruk (likely a fictional representation of Iraq). Meanwhile, Mo-yeon is upset because she had been passed over for professorship in favor of a colleague who had familial connections to the hospital management. When Si-jin returns and meets Mo-yeon again, she directly asks him to explain his sudden disappearances and his job but he is unable to go into too much detail due to the highly classified nature of his assignments. They talk about their views on life and realize how different they are. Si-jin, as a soldier, kills to protect lives while Mo-yeon, as a doctor, honors the Hippocratic Oath and tries to save lives. Due to their philosophical differences, they agree to part ways. Dae-young, on the other hand, faces a dilemma on whether to continue his relationship with Myung-ju or risk being forced out of the army for breaking fraternization rules by Myung-ju's father, who is a general and commander of the Special Forces.
Eight months later, Mo-yeon rebuffs the advances of the hospital director and, as a result, is assigned against her will to lead a voluntary medical team to Uruk. There, Si-jin and Mo-yeon reunite and both gain a deeper insight into one another's jobs as their respective teams endure an earthquake and a viral endemic. While in Uruk, Mo-yeon accidentally confesses her feelings (much to the amusement of their respective teams) and the two officially start dating. She gradually comes to terms with the fact that she may never have full disclosure of his whereabouts and the possibility of him being killed in action. In the meantime, the usually stoic Dae-young finally works up the nerve to show more affection toward Myung-ju after she nearly dies in quarantine.
Si-jin and Mo-yeon continue their relationship after returning to Korea, until Si-jin and Dae-young are sent on a classified operation in which they disappear and are assumed to be dead. Months pass, and Mo-yeon mourns Si-Jin's death, deciding to commemorate his passing by volunteering with a medical team sent to Albania. This is where Si-jin eventually finds her on the day of their one-year death anniversary, after he and Dae-young are rescued from captivity by 'a friend from afar', a soldier from North Korea whom Si-jin had helped earlier. Si-jin and Mo-yeon along with Myung-ju and Dae-young are all happily reunited with each other.
Cast[edit]Main[edit]
Recurring[edit]Alpha Team Members[edit]
Haesung Hospital Medical Services Team[edit]
People at Haesung Hospital[edit]
Tae Baek Army[edit]
Uruk area[edit]
Special appearances[edit]
Production[edit]
Descendants of the Sun was fully pre-produced before airing which is a departure from the live-shoot production format that characterizes most Korean dramas.[26] The drama is Song Joong-ki's comeback project after serving his two years of mandatory military service.[27] The production cost 13 billion won (approximately $10.8 million) to produce.[28]
Initially, there were doubts about the profitability of the drama, as a story involving a soldier may not be enough to garner a very high successive rate. This is revealed when SBS were reluctant to continue with the project. It was then passed to KBS.[29] According to local reports by Newsis, lead actor Song Joong-ki was not the first choice of writers and directors for the hit South Korean series, as he was deemed too slender for the role of a heroic special forces officer.[30] Song was later cast as the producers decided to change the character of the role.[31] The 6 June episode of tvN's The List 2016 revealed the names of four actors who rejected the role before Joong-ki was chosen. As per the show, the A-listers who passed the role includes Won Bin, Jo In-sung, Gong Yoo, Hyun Bin and Kim Woo-bin.[32] Reportedly, the actors were skeptical on sporting the army style short hair. It is also said that the artists expressed slight discomfort on portraying a role of a soldier and could not commit with the pre-production format of the show.[33]
On June 12, 2015, lead actors Song Joong-ki and Song Hye-kyo filmed their first scene in Seoul.[34] On September 28, 2015, the entire cast and crew (including the four leads, Song Joong-ki, Song Hye-kyo, Jin Goo, Kim Ji-won, as well as supporting actors Kang Shin-il and Onew) departed for Greece.[35] The team resided in the country for approximately a month to shoot episodes crucial to the drama's plot.[36][37] According to Greek and South Korean news portals and blogs, filming mainly took place in Zakynthos, Arachova, Lemnos, and Navagio.[38] The series' location was modelled after Iraq, a remote area located at the margin of Balkan Peninsula; but changed its name to Uruk to avoid diplomatic conflict.[39]
On November 25, 2015, it was announced that actor Song Joong-ki injured his arm while filming an action scene for the drama on November 23. On December 7, 2015, Song Joong-ki returned to work only 2 weeks after he was injured and spotted filming at a station in Seoul.[40][41][42] The MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea in 2015 also seriously hampered filming schedules. The outbreak claimed the lives of 33 people, according to WHO.[43]
The location which served as the Mowuru Company's base camp was set at the exhausted Taebaek Hanbo Coal Mine while earthquake scenes were mostly filmed at the Samtan Art Mine. Filming also took place at Camp Greaves DMZ Experience Centre, once a US Army base camp during the Korean War.[44] Filming at Haesung Hospital was actually done at the Seoul St Mary's Hospital.
The crew wrapped up the last shoot in the early morning of December 30, 2015.[45] The director's cut, which feature a re-edited version of the last and 16th episode, as well as deleted scenes, a music video and behind-the-scenes footage, was released in the second half of the year.[46]
Due to the success of the drama, an OST concert was held at the Grand Peace Palace at Kyung Hee University in Seoul on May 14, 2016; and featured performers of the drama's soundtrack.[47][48]
On July 5, 2017, lead actors Song Joong-ki and Song Hye-kyo announced through their respective agencies that the two are engaged and got married on 31st October, 2017.[49][50] before they were divorced in June 26 2019 [51]
Pre-production[edit]
After the success of Descendants, the industry saw a shift toward pre-production of Korean dramas.[52] This is because pre-production allowed producers to secure investment and distribution in a carefully planned fashion; and allowed the show to air simultaneously in China, thus bringing greater profits.[53][54] Kim Won-seok, co-writer of Descendants, said the system helps raise quality of the drama.[55] However, apart from Descendants, none of the other pre-produced dramas thus far such as Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo, Uncontrollably Fond and Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth have been successful.[56]
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Legal[edit]
Production company NEW said that there have been hundreds of violations of their publicity rights by businesses, in an attempt to take advantage of the drama's success.[57] The announcement came about when lead actress Song Hye-kyo sued jewelry firm J.Estina for using her pictures for promotion though the contract ended in January.[58] J.Estina said in a press release that it abided by the contract with production staff of Descendants, which allowed it to use stills from the episodes as one of the main sponsors of the series. However, NEW refuted the claims, saying that the jewelry firm's arguments lacked legal grounds.[59] Song eventually won the legal battle, and donated the damages received to charity.[60]
Original soundtrack[edit]
The soundtrack of the series topped local music charts.[61] Preorders for the soundtrack album surpassed the 10,000 mark,[62] and eventually sold over 60,000 copies.[63]
Reception[edit]
Descendants received immense popularity both locally, with a peaking rating of 40%, making it the first weeknight series to do so in the country since Moon Embracing the Sun in 2012;[81] as well as internationally,[82] where it has been sold to 32 countries and translated into 32 different languages.[83][84] The success of the drama helped revive the Hallyu wave that was in decline over recent years, boosting tourism and spreading Korean culture.[85][82] The series was also watched in North Korea, one of the most secluded countries in the world.[86]
The drama's success factors were attributed to its elaborate screenplay, beautiful love story and the co-production between South Korea and China.[87]The Korea Times said, 'At a time when Korean melodramas are said to have been losing steam, 'Descendants of the Sun' brought fantasy together with a number of different genres to create a high quality production.' and 'the drama appeals to viewers' desires for justice in a society that appears to lack it.'[88] The drama also earned plaudits from (former) president Park Geun-hye, who praised the drama for instilling 'patriotism' among young Koreans.[89] She also called Descendants an exemplary case of the positive effects of cultural content on the manufacturing industry.[90]
Economic effect[edit]
The drama's success helped boost Korea's economy; contributing in a rise of tourists, overseas sales of products (exports) and creating new jobs.[11] It has also resulted in more investment in Korean entertainment companies by Chinese companies seeking partnerships.[91]Descendants has been reported to have earned 3 billion won from product placement advertisements (PPL) and 10 billion won from sales of related sound tracks and video-on-demand service.[88][92] According to reports, the direct and indirect economic effects of Descendants are estimated to hover above 1 trillion won ($880 million).[11]
The 'Two Tone Lip Bar' lipstick that Song Hye-kyo wore in a scene on the show has broken sales records for Aritaum in South Korea with Laneige subsequently hosting its own Descendants of the Sun makeup event on its homepage. The product became so popular that it sold out four days after its release on the popular Chinese shopping website, 11th Street, owned by its Korean parent-company, SK Planet.[93][94] The same product also experienced 'double digit growth' in Singapore.[95]
Laneige, Dal.Komm Coffee, KGC Cheong Kwan Jang Korean Red Ginseng, Subway and Hyundai all reported a surge in sales after exposure of their products in the drama.[96][97] The popularity of the show has also led to KBS launching several merchandise of the drama, such as cookies, memory sticks, emoticons and commemorative medals, which were specially created and sold to fans.[98][99][100][101]
Cultural impact[edit]
Filming locations and sets of the show underwent restoration by the government, due to the demands by both local and foreign tourists.[102][103] Camp Greaves, the former U.S. military camp near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in Paju, north of Seoul, was turned into a park composed of separate zones focusing on natural scenery, culture and arts, and military experience.[104][105] The Taebak film site was also re-modeled as a tourist site, where visitors can browse the medical camp and military base wearing costumes with the same design as those worn by the cast.[106]The set in Taebaek was featured on popular variety shows 2 Days & 1 Night[107][108] and Battle Trip.[109]Navagio, one of the iconic locations where the 'relationship between the lead characters blossom', experienced a surge in popularity among Chinese and Korean tourists.[110][111][112]
The success of the drama has given rise to the popularity of 'soldier talk', a style of Korean speaking only used in the military.[113] There is also a spike in the number of young men wanting to join South Korean special forces units for their mandatory military service.[114]
After Samgyetang was featured in the drama, it gained wider appeal among the Chinese.[115][116]
Criticism[edit]
However, there has been controversy surrounding the use of product placement in this drama.[117][118] Some critics argued that there was excessive product placement in the drama and that the use of product placement undermined the drama's content and artistry.[119] Kim Si-hyoung, cinematographer of Descendants admitted that product placement was excessive, but argued that they were âessential,â as he and other production staff found it hard to secure revenues from TV advertising.[120]
The series also drawn criticism for its unconvincing plot and unrealistic storyline.[121] Critics say that the drama ironically reflects what today's Korean society lacks, such as the cohesive military culture; and also pointed out deeply embedded sexual discrimination featured in the drama.[122] The drama was also accused of missing a noticeable plot, and kept with the terrestrial tradition of being overly predictable.[123]
Ratings[edit]
In the tables below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.
Awards and nominations[edit]International broadcast[edit]Asia[edit]
Others[edit]
Adaptation and sequel[edit]Adaptation[edit]
A Chinese film adaptation produced by Huace Film & TV and directed by Zhang Yibai is planned.[13] A book based on the script is also planned for release.[169]
A Philippine television adaption produced by GMA Entertainment Content Group is planned.[14]
A Vietnamese television adaptation titled 'Háºu duá» mặt trá»i' starring Song Luân, Khả Ngân, Cao Thái Hà , Hữu Vi, aired beginning in September, 2018 for 48 episodes.[12]
Sequel[edit]
As per KBS's Head of Drama, Jung Sung-ho, said the sequel is in planning, and filming would likely to take place in Greece.[170] The sequel, this time, will be co-produced by Jidam Inc., the production company behind the hit and award-winning TV dramas My Daughter, Geum Sa-wol and Jang Bo-ri is Here!.[171]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Descendants_of_the_Sun&oldid=903850278'
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Descendants of the Sun (Korean: íìì íì; RR: Taeyang-ui Huye) is a 2016 South Korean television series starring Song Joong-ki, Song Hye-kyo, Jin Goo, and Kim Ji-won.[3][4][5] It aired on KBS2 from February 24 to April 14, 2016 for 16 episodes.[6] KBS then aired three additional special episodes from April 20 to April 22, 2016 containing highlights and the best scenes from the series, the drama's production process, behind-the-scenes footage, commentaries from cast members and the final epilogue.[7][8]
The series was a major hit in South Korea where it drew a peak audience share of 38.8%. It received several awards, such as winning the Grand Prize in television at the 52ndBaeksang Arts Awards; and was named the Most Popular Show of the year by Korea Broadcasting Advertising Corporation.[9]
The show was broadcast across Asia where it was hugely popular.[10], and has been credited with a rise in tourism in Korea.[11] A local adaptation has aired in Vietnam,[12] and adaptations are planned in China[13] and Philippines.[14]
Synopsis[edit]
Yoo Si-jin (Song Joong-ki) is the captain of a South Korean Special Forces unit. He and his friend Master Sergeant Seo Dae-young (Jin Goo) are off-duty when they witness a young man stealing a motorcycle and apprehend him. The thief, Kim Gi-bum (Kim Min-seok), is injured during his capture and therefore sent to the hospital. Dae-young realizes his cell phone was stolen by the thief and goes to the hospital along with Si-jin to retrieve his cellphone.
In the emergency room, Si-jin meets Dr. Kang Mo-yeon (Song Hye-kyo) for the first time, and is instantly attracted to her. Mo-yeon mistakenly assumes Si-jin is part of the thief's criminal gang, due to his nickname 'Big Boss', which is actually his call sign. He proves his identity with the help of army surgeon Yoon Myung-ju (Kim Ji-won).
Si-jin and Mo-yeon begin to date, but due to Si-jin being called in for duty, their dates are interrupted halfway. Si-jin receives his orders to be deployed on a peacekeeping mission in the country of Uruk (likely a fictional representation of Iraq). Meanwhile, Mo-yeon is upset because she had been passed over for professorship in favor of a colleague who had familial connections to the hospital management. When Si-jin returns and meets Mo-yeon again, she directly asks him to explain his sudden disappearances and his job but he is unable to go into too much detail due to the highly classified nature of his assignments. They talk about their views on life and realize how different they are. Si-jin, as a soldier, kills to protect lives while Mo-yeon, as a doctor, honors the Hippocratic Oath and tries to save lives. Due to their philosophical differences, they agree to part ways. Dae-young, on the other hand, faces a dilemma on whether to continue his relationship with Myung-ju or risk being forced out of the army for breaking fraternization rules by Myung-ju's father, who is a general and commander of the Special Forces.
Eight months later, Mo-yeon rebuffs the advances of the hospital director and, as a result, is assigned against her will to lead a voluntary medical team to Uruk. There, Si-jin and Mo-yeon reunite and both gain a deeper insight into one another's jobs as their respective teams endure an earthquake and a viral endemic. While in Uruk, Mo-yeon accidentally confesses her feelings (much to the amusement of their respective teams) and the two officially start dating. She gradually comes to terms with the fact that she may never have full disclosure of his whereabouts and the possibility of him being killed in action. In the meantime, the usually stoic Dae-young finally works up the nerve to show more affection toward Myung-ju after she nearly dies in quarantine.
Si-jin and Mo-yeon continue their relationship after returning to Korea, until Si-jin and Dae-young are sent on a classified operation in which they disappear and are assumed to be dead. Months pass, and Mo-yeon mourns Si-Jin's death, deciding to commemorate his passing by volunteering with a medical team sent to Albania. This is where Si-jin eventually finds her on the day of their one-year death anniversary, after he and Dae-young are rescued from captivity by 'a friend from afar', a soldier from North Korea whom Si-jin had helped earlier. Si-jin and Mo-yeon along with Myung-ju and Dae-young are all happily reunited with each other.
Cast[edit]Main[edit]
Recurring[edit]Alpha Team Members[edit]
Haesung Hospital Medical Services Team[edit]
People at Haesung Hospital[edit]
Tae Baek Army[edit]
Uruk area[edit]
Special appearances[edit]
Production[edit]
Descendants of the Sun was fully pre-produced before airing which is a departure from the live-shoot production format that characterizes most Korean dramas.[26] The drama is Song Joong-ki's comeback project after serving his two years of mandatory military service.[27] The production cost 13 billion won (approximately $10.8 million) to produce.[28]
Initially, there were doubts about the profitability of the drama, as a story involving a soldier may not be enough to garner a very high successive rate. This is revealed when SBS were reluctant to continue with the project. It was then passed to KBS.[29] According to local reports by Newsis, lead actor Song Joong-ki was not the first choice of writers and directors for the hit South Korean series, as he was deemed too slender for the role of a heroic special forces officer.[30] Song was later cast as the producers decided to change the character of the role.[31] The 6 June episode of tvN's The List 2016 revealed the names of four actors who rejected the role before Joong-ki was chosen. As per the show, the A-listers who passed the role includes Won Bin, Jo In-sung, Gong Yoo, Hyun Bin and Kim Woo-bin.[32] Reportedly, the actors were skeptical on sporting the army style short hair. It is also said that the artists expressed slight discomfort on portraying a role of a soldier and could not commit with the pre-production format of the show.[33]
On June 12, 2015, lead actors Song Joong-ki and Song Hye-kyo filmed their first scene in Seoul.[34] On September 28, 2015, the entire cast and crew (including the four leads, Song Joong-ki, Song Hye-kyo, Jin Goo, Kim Ji-won, as well as supporting actors Kang Shin-il and Onew) departed for Greece.[35] The team resided in the country for approximately a month to shoot episodes crucial to the drama's plot.[36][37] According to Greek and South Korean news portals and blogs, filming mainly took place in Zakynthos, Arachova, Lemnos, and Navagio.[38] The series' location was modelled after Iraq, a remote area located at the margin of Balkan Peninsula; but changed its name to Uruk to avoid diplomatic conflict.[39]
On November 25, 2015, it was announced that actor Song Joong-ki injured his arm while filming an action scene for the drama on November 23. On December 7, 2015, Song Joong-ki returned to work only 2 weeks after he was injured and spotted filming at a station in Seoul.[40][41][42] The MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea in 2015 also seriously hampered filming schedules. The outbreak claimed the lives of 33 people, according to WHO.[43]
The location which served as the Mowuru Company's base camp was set at the exhausted Taebaek Hanbo Coal Mine while earthquake scenes were mostly filmed at the Samtan Art Mine. Filming also took place at Camp Greaves DMZ Experience Centre, once a US Army base camp during the Korean War.[44] Filming at Haesung Hospital was actually done at the Seoul St Mary's Hospital.
The crew wrapped up the last shoot in the early morning of December 30, 2015.[45] The director's cut, which feature a re-edited version of the last and 16th episode, as well as deleted scenes, a music video and behind-the-scenes footage, was released in the second half of the year.[46]
Due to the success of the drama, an OST concert was held at the Grand Peace Palace at Kyung Hee University in Seoul on May 14, 2016; and featured performers of the drama's soundtrack.[47][48]
On July 5, 2017, lead actors Song Joong-ki and Song Hye-kyo announced through their respective agencies that the two are engaged and got married on 31st October, 2017.[49][50] before they were divorced in June 26 2019 [51]
Pre-production[edit]
After the success of Descendants, the industry saw a shift toward pre-production of Korean dramas.[52] This is because pre-production allowed producers to secure investment and distribution in a carefully planned fashion; and allowed the show to air simultaneously in China, thus bringing greater profits.[53][54] Kim Won-seok, co-writer of Descendants, said the system helps raise quality of the drama.[55] However, apart from Descendants, none of the other pre-produced dramas thus far such as Moon Lovers: Scarlet Heart Ryeo, Uncontrollably Fond and Hwarang: The Poet Warrior Youth have been successful.[56]
Legal[edit]
Production company NEW said that there have been hundreds of violations of their publicity rights by businesses, in an attempt to take advantage of the drama's success.[57] The announcement came about when lead actress Song Hye-kyo sued jewelry firm J.Estina for using her pictures for promotion though the contract ended in January.[58] J.Estina said in a press release that it abided by the contract with production staff of Descendants, which allowed it to use stills from the episodes as one of the main sponsors of the series. However, NEW refuted the claims, saying that the jewelry firm's arguments lacked legal grounds.[59] Song eventually won the legal battle, and donated the damages received to charity.[60]
Original soundtrack[edit]
The soundtrack of the series topped local music charts.[61] Preorders for the soundtrack album surpassed the 10,000 mark,[62] and eventually sold over 60,000 copies.[63]
Reception[edit]
Descendants received immense popularity both locally, with a peaking rating of 40%, making it the first weeknight series to do so in the country since Moon Embracing the Sun in 2012;[81] as well as internationally,[82] where it has been sold to 32 countries and translated into 32 different languages.[83][84] The success of the drama helped revive the Hallyu wave that was in decline over recent years, boosting tourism and spreading Korean culture.[85][82] The series was also watched in North Korea, one of the most secluded countries in the world.[86]
The drama's success factors were attributed to its elaborate screenplay, beautiful love story and the co-production between South Korea and China.[87]The Korea Times said, 'At a time when Korean melodramas are said to have been losing steam, 'Descendants of the Sun' brought fantasy together with a number of different genres to create a high quality production.' and 'the drama appeals to viewers' desires for justice in a society that appears to lack it.'[88] The drama also earned plaudits from (former) president Park Geun-hye, who praised the drama for instilling 'patriotism' among young Koreans.[89] She also called Descendants an exemplary case of the positive effects of cultural content on the manufacturing industry.[90]
Economic effect[edit]
The drama's success helped boost Korea's economy; contributing in a rise of tourists, overseas sales of products (exports) and creating new jobs.[11] It has also resulted in more investment in Korean entertainment companies by Chinese companies seeking partnerships.[91]Descendants has been reported to have earned 3 billion won from product placement advertisements (PPL) and 10 billion won from sales of related sound tracks and video-on-demand service.[88][92] According to reports, the direct and indirect economic effects of Descendants are estimated to hover above 1 trillion won ($880 million).[11]
The 'Two Tone Lip Bar' lipstick that Song Hye-kyo wore in a scene on the show has broken sales records for Aritaum in South Korea with Laneige subsequently hosting its own Descendants of the Sun makeup event on its homepage. The product became so popular that it sold out four days after its release on the popular Chinese shopping website, 11th Street, owned by its Korean parent-company, SK Planet.[93][94] The same product also experienced 'double digit growth' in Singapore.[95]
Laneige, Dal.Komm Coffee, KGC Cheong Kwan Jang Korean Red Ginseng, Subway and Hyundai all reported a surge in sales after exposure of their products in the drama.[96][97] The popularity of the show has also led to KBS launching several merchandise of the drama, such as cookies, memory sticks, emoticons and commemorative medals, which were specially created and sold to fans.[98][99][100][101]
Cultural impact[edit]
Filming locations and sets of the show underwent restoration by the government, due to the demands by both local and foreign tourists.[102][103] Camp Greaves, the former U.S. military camp near the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) in Paju, north of Seoul, was turned into a park composed of separate zones focusing on natural scenery, culture and arts, and military experience.[104][105] The Taebak film site was also re-modeled as a tourist site, where visitors can browse the medical camp and military base wearing costumes with the same design as those worn by the cast.[106]The set in Taebaek was featured on popular variety shows 2 Days & 1 Night[107][108] and Battle Trip.[109]Navagio, one of the iconic locations where the 'relationship between the lead characters blossom', experienced a surge in popularity among Chinese and Korean tourists.[110][111][112]
The success of the drama has given rise to the popularity of 'soldier talk', a style of Korean speaking only used in the military.[113] There is also a spike in the number of young men wanting to join South Korean special forces units for their mandatory military service.[114]
After Samgyetang was featured in the drama, it gained wider appeal among the Chinese.[115][116]
Criticism[edit]
However, there has been controversy surrounding the use of product placement in this drama.[117][118] Some critics argued that there was excessive product placement in the drama and that the use of product placement undermined the drama's content and artistry.[119] Kim Si-hyoung, cinematographer of Descendants admitted that product placement was excessive, but argued that they were âessential,â as he and other production staff found it hard to secure revenues from TV advertising.[120]
The series also drawn criticism for its unconvincing plot and unrealistic storyline.[121] Critics say that the drama ironically reflects what today's Korean society lacks, such as the cohesive military culture; and also pointed out deeply embedded sexual discrimination featured in the drama.[122] The drama was also accused of missing a noticeable plot, and kept with the terrestrial tradition of being overly predictable.[123]
Ratings[edit]
In the tables below, the blue numbers represent the lowest ratings and the red numbers represent the highest ratings.
Awards and nominations[edit]International broadcast[edit]Asia[edit]
Others[edit]
Adaptation and sequel[edit]Adaptation[edit]
A Chinese film adaptation produced by Huace Film & TV and directed by Zhang Yibai is planned.[13] A book based on the script is also planned for release.[169]
A Philippine television adaption produced by GMA Entertainment Content Group is planned.[14]
A Vietnamese television adaptation titled 'Háºu duá» mặt trá»i' starring Song Luân, Khả Ngân, Cao Thái Hà , Hữu Vi, aired beginning in September, 2018 for 48 episodes.[12]
Sequel[edit]
As per KBS's Head of Drama, Jung Sung-ho, said the sequel is in planning, and filming would likely to take place in Greece.[170] The sequel, this time, will be co-produced by Jidam Inc., the production company behind the hit and award-winning TV dramas My Daughter, Geum Sa-wol and Jang Bo-ri is Here!.[171]
References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Descendants_of_the_Sun&oldid=903850278'
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The Indian Premier League (IPL) is a professional Twenty20 cricket league in India contested during March or April and May of every year by eight teams representing eight different cities in India.[3] The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2008. IPL has an exclusive window in ICC Future Tours Programme.[4]
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The IPL is the most-attended cricket league in the world and in 2014 ranked sixth by average attendance among all sports leagues.[5] In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event in the world to be broadcast live on YouTube.[6][7] The brand value of IPL in 2018 was US$6.3 billion, according to Duff & Phelps.[8] According to BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed â¹11.5 billion to the GDP of the Indian economy.[9]
There have been twelve seasons of the IPL tournament. The current IPL title holders are the Mumbai Indians, who won the 2019 season.
HistoryBackground
The Indian Cricket League (ICL) was founded in 2007, with funding provided by Zee Entertainment Enterprises.[10] The ICL was not recognised by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) or the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the BCCI were not pleased with its committee members joining the ICL executive board.[11] To prevent players from joining the ICL, the BCCI increased the prize money in their own domestic tournaments and also imposed lifetime bans on players joining the ICL, which was considered a rebel league by the board.[12][13]
Foundation
'The IPL has been designed to entice an entire new generation of sports fans into the grounds throughout the country. The dynamic Twenty20 format has been designed to attract a young fan base, which also includes women and children.'
â Modi during the launch of the IPL.[14]
On 13 September 2007, the BCCI announced the launch of a franchise-based Twenty20 cricket competition called Indian Premier League whose first season was slated to start in April 2008, in a 'high-profile ceremony' in New Delhi. BCCI vice-president Lalit Modi, said to be the mastermind behind the idea of IPL, spelled out the details of the tournament including its format, the prize money, franchise revenue system and squad composition rules. It was also revealed that the IPL would be run by a seven-man governing council composed of former India players and BCCI officials, and that the top two teams of the IPL would qualify for that year's Champions League Twenty20. Modi also clarified that they had been working on the idea for two years and that IPL was not started as a 'knee-jerk reaction' to the ICL.[14] The league's format was similar to that of the Premier League of England and the NBA in the United States.[13]
In order to decide the owners for the new league, an auction was held on 24 January 2008 with the total base prices of the franchises costing around $400 million.[13] At the end of the auction, the winning bidders were announced, as well as the cities the teams would be based in: Bangalore, Chennai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Jaipur, Kolkata, Mohali, and Mumbai.[13] In the end, the franchises were all sold for a total of $723.59 million.[15] The Indian Cricket League soon folded in 2008.
Expansions and terminations![]()
Crowd during a match of the 2015 IPL season in Hyderabad, India.
On 21 March 2010, it was announced that two new franchises â Pune Warriors India and Kochi Tuskers Kerala â would join the league before the fourth season in 2011.[16] Sahara Adventure Sports Group bought the Pune franchise for $370 million while Rendezvous Sports World bought the Kochi franchise for $333.3 million.[16] However, one year later, on 11 November 2011, it was announced that the Kochi Tuskers Kerala side would be terminated following the side breaching the BCCI's terms of conditions.[17]
Then, on 14 September 2012, following the team not being able to find new owners, the BCCI announced that the 2009 champions, the Deccan Chargers, would be terminated.[18] The next month, on 25 October, an auction was held to see who would be the owner of the replacement franchise, with Sun TV Network winning the bid for the Hyderabad franchise.[19] The team would be named Sunrisers Hyderabad.[20]
Pune Warriors India withdrew from the IPL on 21 May 2013 over financial differences with the BCCI.[21] The franchise was officially terminated by the BCCI, on 26 October 2013, on account of the franchise failing to provide the necessary bank guarantee.[22]
On 14 June 2015, it was announced that two-time champions, Chennai Super Kings, and the inaugural season champions, Rajasthan Royals, would be suspended for two seasons following their role in a match-fixing and betting scandal.[23] Then, on 8 December 2015, following an auction, it was revealed that Pune and Rajkot would replace Chennai and Rajasthan for two seasons.[24] The two teams were the Rising Pune Supergiant and the Gujarat Lions.
OrganizationTournament format
Currently, with eight teams, each team plays each other twice in a home-and-away round-robin format in the league phase. At the conclusion of the league stage, the top four teams will qualify for the playoffs. The top two teams from the league phase will play against each other in the first Qualifying match, with the winner going straight to the IPL final and the loser getting another chance to qualify for the IPL final by playing the second Qualifying match. Meanwhile, the third and fourth place teams from league phase play against each other in an eliminator match and the winner from that match will play the loser from the first Qualifying match. The winner of the second Qualifying match will move onto the final to play the winner of the first Qualifying match in the IPL Final match, where the winner will be crowned the Indian Premier League champions.
Player acquisition, squad composition and salaries
A team can acquire players through any of the three ways: the annual player auction, trading players with other teams during the trading windows, and signing replacements for unavailable players. Players sign up for the auction and also set their base price, and are bought by the franchise that bids the highest for them. Unsold players at the auction are eligible to be signed up as replacement signings. In the trading windows, a player can only be traded with his consent, with the franchise paying the difference if any between the old and new contract. If the new contract is worth more than the older one, the difference is shared between the player and the franchise selling the player. There are generally three trading windowsâtwo before the auction, and one after the auction but before the start of the tournament. Players cannot be traded outside the trading windows or during the tournament, whereas replacements can be signed before or during the tournament.
Some of the team composition rules (as of 2018 season) are as follows:
The term of a player contract is one year, with the franchise having the option to extend the contract by one or two years. Since the 2014 season, the player contracts are denominated in the Indian rupee, before which the contracts were in U.S. dollars. Overseas players can be remunerated in the currency of the player's choice at the exchange rate on either the contract due date or the actual date of payment.[27] Prior to the 2014 season, Indian domestic players were not included in the player auction pool and could be signed up by the franchises at a discrete amount while a fixed sum of â¹10 to 30 lakh would get deducted per signing from the franchise's salary purse. This received significant opposition from franchise owners who complained that richer franchises were 'luring players with under-the-table deals' following which the IPL decided to include domestic players in the player auction.[28]
According to a 2015 survey by Sporting Intelligence and ESPN The Magazine, the average IPL salary when pro-rated is US$4.33 million per year, the second highest among all sport leagues in the world. Since the players in IPL are only contracted for the duration of the tournament (less than two months), the weekly IPL salaries are extrapolated pro rata to obtain average annual salary, unlike other sport leagues in which players are contracted by a single team for the entire year.[29]
Match rules
IPL games utilise television timeouts and hence there is no time limit in which teams must complete their innings. However, a penalty may be imposed if the umpires find teams misusing this privilege. Each team is given a two-and-a-half-minute 'strategic timeout' during each innings; one must be taken by the bowling team between the ends of the 6th and 9th overs, and one by the batting team between the ends of the 13th and 16th overs.[30]
Since the 2018 season, the Umpire Decision Review System is being used in all IPL matches, allowing each team one chance to review an on-field umpire's decision per innings.[31]
Prize money
The 2019 season of the IPL offered a total prize money of â¹50 crore (US$7.2 million), with the winning team netting â¹20 crore (US$2.9 million). The first and second runners up received 12.5 and 8.75 crores, respectively, with the fourth placed team also winning 8.75 crores.[32] The others teams are not awarded any prize money. The IPL rules mandate that half of the prize money must be distributed among the players.[33]
TeamsCurrent teams
Locations of the eight IPL teams
Former teams
Tournament seasons and results
Out of the thirteen teams that have played in the Indian Premier League since its inception, one team has won the competition fout times, one team has won the competition thrice, one team has won the competition twice and three other teams have won it once. Mumbai Indians are the most successful team in league's history in terms of the number of titles won. The Chennai Super Kings have won 3 titles, the Kolkata Knight Riders have won two titles, and the other three teams who have won the tournament are the Deccan Chargers, Rajasthan Royals and Sunrisers Hyderabad. The current champions are Mumbai Indians who beat Chennai Super Kings in the final of the 2019 season to secure their foirth title and thus became the most successful team in IPL history ever.
Teams' performances
â No longer exists.
Total Titles won
AwardsOrange Cap
The Orange Cap is awarded to the top run-scorer in the IPL during a season. It is an ongoing competition with the leader wearing the cap throughout the tournament until the final game, with the eventual winner keeping the cap for the season.[60]
Purple Cap
The Purple Cap is awarded to the top wicket-taker in the IPL during a season. It is an ongoing competition with the leader wearing the cap throughout the tournament until the final game, with the eventual winner keeping the cap for the season.[61]
FinancialsTitle sponsorship
From 2008 to 2012, the title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, who had secured the rights with a bid of â¹200 crore for five seasons.[62] After the conclusion of the 2012 season, PepsiCo bought the title sponsorship rights for â¹396.8 crore for the subsequent five seasons.[63] However, the company terminated the deal in October 2015 two years before the expiry of the contract, reportedly due to the two-season suspension of Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league.[64] PepsiCo paid â¹238.08 crore for three years of sponsorship before terminating the contract.[citation needed] The BCCI then transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for â¹190 crore.[65] In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons (2018â2022) with a winning bid of â¹2199 crore, in a deal more expensive than Barclays' Premier League title sponsorship contract between 2013 and 2016.[66][67]
Brand value
The tournament has grown rapidly in value over the years 2016-18, as seen in a series of jumps in value from one season to the next. The IPL as a whole was valued by financial experts at $4.16 Billion US Dollars in 2016, but that number grew to $5.3 Billion in 2017, and $6.13 Billion in 2018. A report from Duff and Phelps said that one of the contributing factors in the rapid growth of the value of the Indian Premier League was signing a new television deal with Star India Private Limited, which engaged more viewers due to the fact that the IPL was transmitted to regional channels in 8 different languages, rather than the previous deal, which saw the transmissions limited to sports networks with english language commentary.,[68][69] The report also stated that the game continued to recover from recent controversy, stating 'This IPL season has grabbed the eyeballs for all the right reasons with a relatively controversy free tournament, coupled with some scintillating on-field performances which have brought the spotlight back on the game.'[70]
According to another independent report conducted by Brand Finance, a London-based company, after the conclusion of the 2017 Indian Premier League, the IPL has seen its business value grow by 37% to an all-time high of US$5.3 billion â crossing the five billion mark for the first time in a season. According to the director of the company: âNow in itâs 11th season, the Indian Premier League is here to stay. The league has delivered financially for the players, franchisees, sponsors and India as a whole, prompting a strong desire among a range of stakeholders to appropriately value it. To ensure continued development, management and team owners will have to explore innovative ways of engaging fans, clubs, and sponsors.[71]
The valuation of the individual franchises themselves vary, with the top valued teams being the Mumbai Indians ($113,000,000) and the Kolkata Knight Riders ($104,000,000). Other franchises mentioned in the report, varied in value from $43,000,000 (Rajasthan Royals) to the Chennai Super Kings ($98,000,000).,[68]
Broadcasting
The IPL's broadcast rights were originally held by a partnership between Sony Pictures Networks and World Sport Group, under a ten-year contract valued at US$1.026 billion. Sony would be responsible for domestic television, while WSG would handle international distribution.[72][73] The initial plan was for 20% of these proceeds to go to the IPL, 8% as prize money and 72% would be distributed to the franchisees from 2008 until 2012, after which the IPL would go public and list its shares.[74] However, in March 2010, IPL decided not to go public and list its shares.[75] As of the 2016 season, Sony MAX, Sony SIX, and Sony ESPN served as the domestic broadcasters of the IPL; MAX and SIX aired broadcasts in Hindi, while SIX also aired broadcasts in the Bengali, Tamil, and Telugu languages. Sony ESPN broadcast English-language feeds.[76] Sony also produced an entertainment-oriented companion talk show, Extraaa Innings T20, which featured analysis and celebrity guests.[77]
The IPL became a major television property within India; Sony MAX typically became the most-watched television channel in the country during the tournament,[78] and by 2016, annual advertising revenue surpassed â¹1,200 crore. Viewership numbers were expected to increase further during the 2016 season due to the industry adoption of the new BARC ratings system, which also calculates rural viewership rather than only urban markets.[79][76] In the 2016 season, Sony's broadcasts achieved just over 1 billion impressions (television viewership in thousands), jumping to 1.25 billion the following year.[78]
On 4 September 2017, it was announced that the then-current digital rightsholder, Star India, had acquired the global media rights to the IPL under a five-year contract beginning in 2018. Valued at â¹163.475 billion (US$2.55 billion, £1.97 billion), it is a 158% increase over the previous deal, and the most expensive broadcast rights deal in the history of cricket. The IPL sold the rights in packages for domestic television, domestic digital, and international rights; although Sony held the highest bid for domestic television, and Facebook had made a US$600 million bid for domestic digital rights (which U.S. media interpreted as a sign that the social network was interested in pursuing professional sports rights),[80][81] Star was the only bidder out of the shortlist of 14 to make bids in all three categories.[82][83][84]
Star CEO Uday Shankar stated that the IPL was a 'very powerful property', and that Star would 'remain very committed to make sure that the growth of sports in this country continues to be driven by the power of cricket'. He went on to say that 'whoever puts in that money, they put in that money because they believe in the fans of the sport. The universe of cricket fans, it tells you, continues to very healthy, continues to grow. What was paid in 2008, that was 2008. India and cricket and IPLâall three have changed dramatically in the last 10 years. It is a reflection of that.'[83][82][84] The deal led to concerns that Star India now held a monopoly on major cricket rights in the country, as it is also the rightsholder of ICC competitions and the Indian national team.[85]
For its inaugural season, Star aimed to put a larger focus on widening the IPL's appeal with a 'core' cricket audience. The network aimed to broadcast at least two hours of IPL-related programming daily from January until the start of the season, having organized televised announcements of player retention selections and new team captains. Viewership of the player auction, which featured pre- and post-auction reactions and analysis, increased six-fold to 46.5 million. In March, Star Sports broadcast Game Plan: In Your City specials from the home city of each of the IPL's franchises. Star Sports stated that its in-season coverage and studio programming would focus more on the game itself and behind-the-scenes coverage of the IPL's teams, rather than trying to incorporate irrelevant entertainment elements. The network introduced a new studio program known as The Dugout, which broadcasts coverage of matches with analysis from a panel of experts.[86]
Star broadcasts IPL matches live online in India via its over-the-top video streaming platform Hotstar[87] to subscribers of Hotstar VIP or Hotstar Premium.[88] Matches are also available on Jio TV and Airtel TV apps on smartphones.[89] Throughout the 2019 season, international streaming viewership on Hotstar saw records, exceeding 10 million concurrent viewers multiple times. The 2019 final broke these records, peaking at 18.6 million concurrent streaming viewers.[90]
International broadcasters
IPL Governing Council
The IPL Governing Council is responsible for all the functions of the tournament. The members are Rajeev Shukla, Ajay Shirke, Sourav Ganguly, Anurag Thakur and Anirudh Chaudhary. In January 2016, the Supreme Court appointed Lodha Committee to recommend separate governing bodies for the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) and the Indian Premier League (IPL), where Justice RM Lodha suggested a One State-One Member pattern for the board.[104]
See alsoReferences
External links
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Premier_League&oldid=901925773'
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